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Children may intentionally harm themselves for a variety of reasons, including as a way to ask for help or deal with difficult emotions. Help is available.
What is self-harm in children?
Self-harm refers to intentionally harming oneself physically without the intention of committing suicide. It can manifest itself through actions such as cutting, burning, hitting, picking at wounds, or pulling out hair. Self-harm can also manifest as destructive behaviours such as drinking alcohol or taking drugs. It can also involve putting oneself in dangerous situations or engaging in sexual risk behaviours. This type of behaviour is often a way for the child to deal with and express deep emotional pain, stress, anxiety, or frustration.
Self-harm behaviour is a maladaptive coping mechanism. The physical expression of pain is used to deflect or manage the internal psychological pain. It is important to understand that this behaviour signals a need for help and support. It should not be dismissed as attention-seeking.
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Self-harm and neuropsychiatric disorders
Self-harm can often be linked to neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. This includes conditions such as Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. It can also occur in other mental health conditions such as anxiety disorders and depression. Individuals with these diagnoses may experience heightened emotional sensitivity, impulse control problems, and difficulties in managing stress. This in turn may lead children to use self-harm as a coping mechanism to manage their emotions or to experience temporary relief from psychological pain.
It is important to approach these behaviours with understanding. Seek professional help to address both the physical behaviour and the underlying mental health conditions. Treating the neuropsychiatric disorder can often reduce or eliminate the need for self-harm as a maladaptive coping strategy.
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Treatment for children who self-harm
The treatment of self-harm in children requires a multifaceted and tailored approach, centered around psychological support and sometimes medical intervention. A crucial component is psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to address negative thought patterns and behaviours. This may also involve treating underlying trauma or mental health concerns such as anxiety.
For children with other underlying neuropsychiatric conditions, medication may be necessary as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Additionally, education for children and families about self-harm and access to support groups are important. They build an understanding and network of support. A safe and supportive environment, along with close collaboration between the family and professionals, is fundamental to supporting the child’s recovery.
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12 frequently asked questions about self-harm in children
What is self-harm in children?
Self-harm is intentionally harming oneself physically without the intention of committing suicide.
How can self-harm manifest itself?
It can manifest itself through actions such as cutting, burning, hitting, picking at wounds, or pulling out hair. It can also be destructive behaviours such as drinking alcohol or taking drugs. Self-harm can also involve putting themselves in dangerous situations or sexual risk behaviours.
Why do children engage in self-harm?
The behaviour is often a way for the child to deal with and express deep emotional pain, stress, anxiety, or frustration. It acts as a maladaptive coping mechanism where the physical expression of pain is used to deflect or manage the inner psychological pain.
Is self-harm just a way to get attention?
No, it is important to understand that this behaviour signals a need for help and support.
Is self-harm common in neuropsychiatric disorders?
Self-harm can often be linked to neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. This includes conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism but can also occur in other mental health conditions such as anxiety disorders and depression.
Why do children and young people with neuropsychiatric problems often engage in self-harm?
Individuals with these diagnoses may experience heightened emotional sensitivity, impulse control problems, and difficulties in coping with stress, which may lead them to use self-harm as a coping mechanism to manage their emotions or experience temporary relief from psychological pain.
How can therapy help children and young people with self-harm?
The treatment of self-harm in children requires a multifaceted and tailored approach, centered around psychological support and sometimes medical intervention. It is possible to feel better.
What is CBT?
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based therapy that helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to ill health.
What is a child psychologist?
A child psychologist is a licensed professional with knowledge and experience in working for the well-being and mental health of children and parents.
What does a child psychologist do?
Child psychologists offer therapy and counselling but also work with families, parents and schools to help support children’s mental health.
Can I see a child psychologist privately?
It is possible to see a child psychologist privately. At Lavendla we have several psychologists who have extensive experience working with children and young people.
Where can I turn if I or my child needs help from a child psychologist?
Child psychologists are usually available through referral from a family doctor or local clinic. At Lavendla we have experienced child psychologists who can also help. Anyone experiencing thoughts of self-harm or suicide can call or text the national suicide hotline 988 at any time.
How can treatment for self-harm in children work?
Treatment requires an integrated and individualized approach. It should address both the immediate dangers of the behaviour and the underlying psychological causes. Here are some important aspects of treatment:
- Professional evaluation: The first step is a thorough psychological evaluation by a child psychiatry team. The goal is to identify any underlying diagnoses or contributing factors to the self-harm behaviour.
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in helping children develop healthier ways to deal with negative emotions and thought patterns.
- Family therapy: Including the family in the treatment process is important for creating a supportive home environment and addressing any family-related stressors.
- Education and support groups: Education and support groups on self-harm for both the child and the family can be helpful.
- Medical treatment: In some cases, medication may be necessary to treat underlying psychiatric conditions, such as depression or anxiety, that may contribute to self-harm.
- Environmental adaptations: Creating a safe environment that minimizes opportunities for self-harm and promotes healthy coping strategies is an important part of treatment.
It is important that parents and guardians work closely with professionals to create a coordinated and comprehensive treatment plan. Encouraging open communication and showing unconditional support for the child is crucial throughout the treatment process.
A first step in seeking help
It is important to remember that each child is unique, and therefore treatment may vary. Working together with a child psychologist can give you and your child the tools needed to manage emotions and behaviours in a healthy way. At Lavendla, we have child psychologists who can help make the difficult easier.
