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Anorexia is an eating disorder that can affect children and young people. Here we explain what anorexia is and how you can get help

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What is anorexia in children?

Anorexia, or anorexia nervosa, is a serious eating disorder that can affect children and teenagers. It is characterized by an extreme fear of weight gain and a distorted body image that can manifest as self-starvation and excessive exercise. This disorder goes beyond food and weight. It is often an expression of deeper psychological concerns and a quest for control in the individual’s life.

Early detection and treatment is essential to prevent long-term health consequences and promote healthy development. Parents, caregivers and teachers play a key role in identifying signs of anorexia early. These symptoms include a reluctance to eat, fixation on body weight and shape, and a general withdrawal from social situations or activities involving food.

Approaching the subject with sensitivity and seeking professional help are steps in the right direction towards recovery.

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What causes anorexia in children?

Anorexia in children is caused by a mixture of biological, psychological and environmental factors. Genetics and brain chemistry can predispose children to anorexia. Additionally, perfectionism, low self-esteem, and a sense of loss of control can act as psychological drivers.

Societal ideals of thinness, stressful family dynamics, experiences of trauma or bullying, and peer pressure are environmental factors that contribute to the risk. Early detection and professional treatment are essential for recovery.

What are the symptoms and signs of anorexia in children?

The symptoms of anorexia in children can vary but tend to include both physical and behavioural indications. Here are some of the most common symptoms:


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Physical symptoms

  • Weight loss: Significant and rapid weight loss with no medical explanation.
  • Changes in eating patterns: Extremely restricted diets, avoidance of certain food groups or of meals altogether.
  • Fatigue and weakness: General fatigue, weakness, and decreased energy.
  • Changes in the menstrual cycle: Delayed start of menstruation or irregular/absent menstruation.
  • Sensitivity to cold: Increased sensitivity to cold, even in warm environments.
  • Hair and skin changes: Thin and brittle hair, dry skin, growth of soft hair over the body.

Behavioural and emotional symptoms

  • Food, calorie and weight fixation: Obsession with food, dieting, calorie counting and body weight.
  • Body image distortion: A strong belief that one is overweight despite being underweight.
  • Physical activity: Excessive exercise, even when sick or injured.
  • Social withdrawal: Avoiding social situations, especially those involving food.
  • Changes in mood: Irritability, depression, or anxiety, especially in relation to food and eating.
  • Self-harm: In some cases, children with anorexia may show signs of self-harm.

These symptoms can have a profound effect on the child’s physical health, emotional well-being and social life. It is important for caregivers to be aware of these signs and seek professional help early if anorexia is suspected. Early intervention is crucial for successful recovery.


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Treatment for anorexia in children

Treatment of anorexia in children often involves a combined approach. This includes psychotherapy to address underlying psychological issues, nutritional therapy to restore healthy eating patterns, and medical monitoring to address physical health consequences. Family-based therapies are also key. These therapies strengthen the support system around the child and involve family members in the recovery process.

If you child is showing severe symptoms of anorexia nervosa, they may be referred to a specialist psychiatric clinic through your health care provider.


12 frequently asked questions about anorexia nervosa in children

What is anorexia?

Anorexia, or anorexia nervosa, is a serious eating disorder that can affect children and teenagers, characterized by an extreme fear of weight gain and a distorted body image that leads to self-starvation and excessive exercise.

What causes anorexia in children?

Anorexia in children is caused by a mixture of biological, psychological and environmental factors. It is a complex problem that often requires multiple interventions.

What are the symptoms and signs of anorexia in children?

The symptoms of anorexia in children include an intense fear of weight gain, a distorted body image, inability to maintain a healthy body weight, and restrictive eating habits, often accompanied by excessive exercise, food avoidance and social withdrawal.

How can anorexia in children be treated?

Treatment of anorexia in children often involves a combined approach that includes psychotherapy to address underlying psychological issues, nutritional therapy to restore healthy eating patterns, and medical monitoring to manage physical health consequences. Family-based therapies are also key, as they strengthen the support system around the child and involve family members in the recovery process.

Is anorexia in children more common at certain ages?

According to the University of Rochester Medical Center, around 90% of people with anorexia nervosa are women aged 12-25. Studies show that most common age of onset is between 16-22.

Can anorexia require specialist psychiatric help?

Yes. It is important to get the right support and help if your child is affected by anorexia. There are clinics that specialize in the treatment of anorexia in children and adolescents.

What is CBT?

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based therapy that helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to ill health.

Can you have other mental health problems at the same time as anorexia?

It is common to have other co-morbidities such as anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, so it is important to have a thorough assessment of the symptoms to develop a treatment plan that addresses all your concerns.

What is a child psychologist?

A child psychologist is a licensed professional with knowledge and experience in promoting the well-being and mental health of children and parents. Child psychologists offer therapy and counselling but also work with families, parents and schools to help support children’s mental health.

Can I see a child psychologist privately?

It is possible to see a child psychologist privately. At Lavendla we have several psychologists who have extensive experience working with children and young people. For severe eating disorder symptoms, it is good to seek help in specialist psychiatry for more extensive treatment efforts. It is possible to get a referral via your family doctor.

I am having difficulties with my teenager who has developed anorexia, what should I do?

It is important to seek help if you notice that your child has symptoms of an eating disorder. Contact one of our experienced psychologists at Lavendla or go to your family doctor to get a referral to a specialist psychiatrist.

Where can I go if my child needs help with anorexia?

For severe eating disorder symptoms, you can get a referral to an eating disorder clinic for children and adolescents that specializes in eating disorders through your family doctor. At Lavendla, we have experienced child psychologists who can also help for mild to moderate symptoms.

Treatment of anorexia in children

Treatment of anorexia in children involves a multidisciplinary approach. The goal of treatment is to restore a healthy weight, treat the underlying psychological causes and promote long-term well-being. This process may include:

  1. Medical surveillance: To monitor and manage physical consequences of anorexia, such as nutritional deficiencies or other health problems.
  2. Nutritional therapy: A dietician can develop an individualized plan to help the child regain a healthy weight safely.
  3. Individual therapy: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in addressing thought patterns and behaviours related to food, body image, and self-esteem.
  4. Family therapy: Helps families understand the disease and how they can support the child. It also works to improve communication and address any family-related problems.

The goal of treatment is not only to return to a normal weight, but also to address the emotional and psychological aspects of anorexia, so that the child can develop a healthy relationship with food and their body. Family involvement and support is crucial throughout the treatment process.


Written by Sophia Coulter

Sophia is a registered nurse with experience in inpatient, emergency and community mental health care. She has a passion for providing emergency support for those experiencing mental health crises.