Home » Therapy » Personality disorder » Narcissism

The topic of personality disorders can be difficult to navigate. In this article, we want to give you both an overview and advice on the treatment of narcissistic personality disorder.

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

The hallmarks of narcissistic personality disorder include an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a need for excessive admiration, and a lack of empathy for other people. People with narcissistic personality disorder may have difficulty dealing with criticism. Additionally, they may become angry or resentful when they do not receive the admiration they feel they deserve. They may also exaggerate their own achievements and talents, and expect to be treated as superior.

Narcissism exists on a spectrum, from mild narcissistic traits to narcissistic personality disorder. Narcissistic personality disorder is in the DSM-5 and is diagnosed in specialist psychiatry after a personality assessment.

What set our therapist apart was her genuine empathy and personal insight. Not only did she possess a deep understanding of neurodiversity, but she also shared personal experiences that resonated with us, creating an instant connection and fostering a sense of trust!

Benedetta Osarenk

Our counsellors

Click here to view all psychologists, therapists, and coaches.

What is a personality disorder?

Personality disorders are psychological conditions that affect an individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours in a way that often differs significantly from societal norms and expectations.

As people with personality disorders may have difficulty relating to others, this can lead to problems in both personal and professional relationships.

What causes narcissism?

Narcissism, particularly in the case of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPS), is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors.

There is no clear genetic link but genes can have an impact. At this time, research has been unable to fully understand the biological factors behind NPS. Past experiences growing up and in the family are fundamental. This can include excessive admiration by parents, or conversely, neglect or emotional abuse. Both of these extremes can contribute to an unhealthy self-image and relational patterns. Childhood trauma can also contribute, as well as other psychological factors such as self-esteem and insecurity, which narcissism tries to hide.


Book a meeting

Fill in the form, choose a counsellor and proceed to payment.

How common are personality disorders?

It is difficult to give exact figures, as many people with personality disorder go undiagnosed and untreated. Around 6-15% of the Canadian population has a personality disorder.

Symptoms of narcissism

It is important to note that not everyone who exhibits narcissistic traits has a fully developed personality disorder. Here are some common symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder:

  1. Excessive sense of self-importance: The person may exaggerate their own achievements and talents. They may expect to be recognized as superior even without corresponding merits.
  2. Fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love: The person may have unrealistic visions of success, power or perfection.
  3. Believes they are “special” and unique: The person may believe that they can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).
  4. Requires excessive admiration: There is often a need for excessive attention and admiration.
  5. Sense of entitlement: The person often expects unreasonable favors and concessions from others.
  6. Exploits others: The person may use others to achieve their own goals.
  7. Lacks empathy: The person often has difficulty recognizing or identifying with the feelings and needs of others.
  8. Jealousy: There may be a belief that others are jealous of them, or the person may be jealous of others.
  9. Arrogant and haughty behaviour or attitudes: The person may have an inflated self-image and behave in a superior manner.

It is important to remember that these symptoms must be long-lasting and significantly affect the person’s social, work or other important areas of life to be considered part of a narcissistic personality disorder. Furthermore, it is important that diagnosis and treatment is done by a licensed psychologist or psychiatrist.


Why Lavendla?

4,7 of 5 in 5000+ reviews

Thousands of clients trust Lavendla Therapy for delivering exceptional service and support.

Choose your own counsellor

Browse and select a counsellor based on reviews, area of focus, and education, ensuring you find the perfect match.

45, 60 or 90 min sessions

Choose a 45, 60, or 90-minute session, or a package, providing flexibility and control over the duration and intensity.

Gender differences in narcissism

There are some gender differences in narcissism, especially in the frequency, expression and type of narcissistic traits. Men generally display more narcissistic traits but this does not mean that women cannot have them too. Men may be more likely to show arrogance or assertiveness, while women may show more subtle signs of narcissism. There are theories of ‘covert narcissism’ (hidden, less obvious narcissism), which can involve feelings of inferiority and hypersensitivity to criticism, but this form is not a formal diagnosis.

It is important to note that these differences are generalizations and individual variations are large. In addition, cultural, social and environmental factors influence how narcissistic traits are expressed and experienced. The diagnosis and assessment of narcissistic personality disorder should always be made by a licensed professional. The diagnostic process must take into account the individual’s unique circumstances and background.

Advice for people who know someone with a personality disorder

Living with someone with a personality disorder can be a difficult experience and can affect you greatly.

Try not to judge: A personality disorder is a medical diagnosis and not a character flaw. It does not always excuse a person’s behaviour, but it can explain it.

Be careful with boundaries: It is important to set clear boundaries to protect yourself and your own psychological well-being.

Seek professional help: It is not your job to diagnose or treat someone. Let this be handled by licensed health care providers.

Be aware of your own needs: Take care of yourself and seek support, either from friends, family or a professional therapist or psychologist.

Assessment of personality disorders

Personality disorders are usually diagnosed in specialist psychiatry through a personality assessment. This involves taking an initial medical history to review the background of the symptoms and completing assessment forms. This is followed by a structured diagnostic interview and an interview with family members to see how the symptoms manifest themselves in different areas. You will often see both a doctor and a psychologist, and the assessment may also include a blood test to rule out an underlying medical cause.

We make the difficult easier

Approaching the topic of personality disorders can be overwhelming, but we’re here to make the difficult easier. When you feel it’s time to talk to a psychologist or therapist, you can easily book a session with us. No matter when you take the step, our experienced team is always ready to help you or your loved ones.


12 common questions about narcissism

What is personality disorder?

A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of behaviour, worldview and inner experience that is markedly different from what is expected of those around you. This is because personality disorders can affect one’s ability to relate to others and function effectively in everyday life.

Is narcissism a type of personality disorder?

Yes, narcissistic personality disorder is one of several types. Individuals with narcissism have an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy towards other people.

What is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?

ASPD is characterized by difficulty experiencing empathy. Individuals with ASPD may also disregard rules, regulations and the rights of others. Help is available.

How is narcissism diagnosed?

Diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder is usually carried out by a psychiatrist or psychologist and involves a detailed diagnostic interview and family interview.

What treatment options are available for personality disorders?

Treatment can vary depending on the type of disorder and the unique needs of the individual, but usually involves a combination of psychotherapy and, if necessary, medication.

How can I help someone close to me who has a personality disorder?

The most important step is to encourage the person to seek professional help. You can also offer emotional support, but remember that you are not a substitute for qualified care.

Is there any way to prevent personality disorders?

There is no sure way to prevent personality disorders, but early intervention can help alleviate symptoms. It is important to have a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Can you force someone to go to therapy?

No, you can’t force someone to undergo therapeutic treatment. It is rarely a good idea to force someone into therapy. A person needs to understand that they need to work on themselves.

How common is personality disorder?

It is unclear, it is estimated that around 6-15% of the Canadian population has a personality disorder.

Is it more common among men or women?

Men generally have more overt narcissistic traits, but this does not mean that women cannot have them too. Women can often display more “covert” signs of narcissism.

What causes narcissism?

Narcissism, particularly in the case of narcissistic personality disorder (NPS), is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors.

When can narcissism be diagnosed?

Narcissism usually manifests itself in adulthood, as childhood and adolescence are still largely responsible for shaping one’s personality.

Where can I go if I or someone I know has symptoms of narcissism?

To get a diagnosis, you should contact your health care center to get a referral to a specialist psychiatrist. For milder symptoms, you can receive treatment with Lavendla. Help is available.

Treatment of narcissistic personality disorder

The treatment of narcissistic personality disorder (NPS), can take time, but it is possible to get better. There is no specific medication for NPS, so psychotherapy is the main method of treatment. Treatment goals often include helping the individual to better understand their feelings and behaviours, develop healthier relationships, and manage any co-occurring mental illness. There are different treatment approaches that can be helpful:

Psychodynamic Therapy

This approach focuses on exploring underlying, unconscious conflicts that may underlie narcissistic behaviors. The therapist helps the individual to understand and process these conflicts.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

CBT can help the individual identify and change destructive thought patterns and behaviours. This may include working to challenge excessive self-centeredness. It may also include learning to recognize and respect the needs and feelings of others.

Schema-focused therapy

This form of therapy combines elements from several different therapeutic schools. It focuses on identifying and changing deeply rooted patterns or schemas that have governed the individual’s behaviour since childhood.

Group therapy

Group therapy can be particularly beneficial as it provides a social context where the individual can learn empathy and receive feedback from others in a safe environment.

Medication:

While there is no specific medication for NPS, medications such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs may be helpful for addressing co-occurring mental health issues.

Family therapy:

Because narcissistic behaviour can deeply affect family relationships, family therapy can be useful in addressing these dynamics and promoting healthier interactions.

It is important to remember that individuals with narcissistic personality disorder often do not seek treatment because they do not see their own behaviours as problematic. This can make engagement and progress in therapy particularly challenging. Dedication and patience are essential in treatment, and progress can be gradual. In addition, it is important that therapy is adapted to the individual’s specific needs and situation, often by a psychologist or psychiatrist with experience in personality disorders.


Written by Sophia Coulter

Sophia is a registered nurse with experience in inpatient, emergency and community mental health care. She has a passion for providing emergency support for those experiencing mental health crises.