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The menstrual cycle is a natural part of female biology. However, it can cause symptoms that require treatment to manage. Here we look at the conditions and treatment available.

What is PMS and PMDD?

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are medical conditions that affect many people negatively.

While most people are familiar with PMS, PMDD is less well known but has a more intense impact on emotional and physical well-being.

Whatever your issue, there is help available if you feel your PMS is reducing your quality of life.

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Symptoms of PMS/PMDS

  • Anxiety before menstruation.
  • Depression during menstruation.
  • Sadness during your period.
  • Panic attacks before your period.

Physical symptoms may include pain, breast tenderness/swelling, changes in appetite and sleep problems.

Different types of therapy

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
    This therapy focuses on identifying and changing destructive patterns of thought and behaviour. CBT has been shown to be effective in relieving PMS and PMDD-related anxiety and depression.
  • Drug treatment
    Antidepressant medications and hormonal treatments such as birth control pills can sometimes make PMDD symptoms worse but can also be helpful in some cases.
  • Lifestyle adjustments
    Regular exercise, healthy eating and stress management can make a big difference to PMS.

The benefits of seeking help

Professional guidance can help you understand and manage your symptoms effectively. You are not alone if PMS makes your daily life difficult to manage. Seeking help to manage your PMS is nothing to be ashamed of. Therapy can improve your quality of life in the long-term so there is no need to wait. If you are also experiencing more severe symptoms, a PMSD assessment can give you an idea of what you can do to manage and prevent problems.


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What do I do now?

If you are experiencing difficulties with PMS or PMDD, consider booking a session with one of our qualified psychologists or therapists. Everything you share is confidential and our main priority is your well-being.


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10 frequently asked questions about PMS and PMDD

What is PMS and PMDD?

PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is a collection of symptoms that occur before your period starts. PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) is a more severe form of PMS and can affect your daily life significantly more.

What are the most common symptoms of PMS?

The most common symptoms include mood swings, fatigue, anger, depression, anxiety and breast tenderness. Many women also experience headaches and cramps.

How long do PMS symptoms last?

PMS symptoms usually start one to two weeks before your period and disappear once your period starts. However, for some, they can be more prolonged.

Is there any treatment for PMS and PMDD?

Yes, treatment options can include painkillers such as ibuprofen, hormonal contraceptives and lifestyle changes such as better diet and exercise.

Are PMS and PMDD hereditary?

There is no concrete evidence that PMS or PMDD are hereditary, but there may be a genetic component. Many women in the same family report similar symptoms.

How is PMDD diagnosed?

The diagnosis is usually made through a medical evaluation and symptom diary. It is important to rule out other medical conditions that may be similar to PMDD.

Does PMS and PMDD affect fertility?

There is no evidence that PMS or PMDD affects fertility. However, symptoms can cause a loss of sex drive, less enjoyment of sex, less sexual attraction, etc.

Can you work while having PMS or PMDD?

It varies from person to person, but many women find it difficult to concentrate and feel tired. If symptoms are severe, sick leave may be an option.

Is it normal to have extremely severe symptoms?

No, extremely severe symptoms can be a sign of PMDD or other medical conditions. Consult a doctor for a full evaluation.

Where can I get help if I have PMDD?

If you think you suffer from PMDD, you should seek medical advice. Lavendla has experienced psychologists and therapists available to help you manage your symptoms.

How therapy can help you manage PMS and PMDD: a step-by-step overview

Living with PMS or PMDD can be a challenge, both physically and emotionally. But you don’t have to go through it alone. Therapy can offer effective strategies for dealing with these disorders. Below is an overview of what you can expect from treatment.

  • Step 1: First consultation
    During the first meeting, the therapist will do an initial assessment. You will discuss your symptoms, how they affect your daily life and your goals for therapy.
  • Step 2: Diagnostic tests
    To rule out other medical conditions, some tests may be necessary. These may include blood tests, hormone tests and psychological evaluations.
  • Step 3: Individual treatment plan
    Based on your diagnosis and needs, an individual treatment plan is created. It may include cognitive behavioural therapy, medication, or a combination of both.
  • Step 4: Tools and strategies
    The therapist will teach you positive coping mechanisms and strategies to manage symptoms. This may include breathing techniques, mindfulness and lifestyle changes.
  • Step 5: Ongoing evaluation
    Your progress will be continuously evaluated. The treatment plan can be adjusted based on your needs and feedback.
  • Step 6: Homework
    You will likely be given ‘homework’ to work on between sessions. This could be keeping a diary, practicing techniques or performing specific tasks.
  • Step 7: Long-term follow-up
    After therapy has ended, follow-up sessions are common. This helps to ensure that you continue to manage your symptoms effectively.
  • Step 8: Self-management and the future
    Finally, you will be equipped with the tools and knowledge to self-manage your symptoms in the future.

Written by Dominic Wardall

Dominic is a Cape Town-based copywriter and editor with extensive background and studies in psychology. Dominic is a central part of the articles written on Lavendla.