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We all experience anxiety from time to time. But if you become so afraid of panic attacks that you avoid situations, places, and people, it's time to seek help.
What is panic disorder?
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by repeated and unexpected panic attacks-intense periods of intense anxiety or fear that develop rapidly, often without apparent cause.
These attacks can cause physical and emotional symptoms such as heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, feelings of suffocation, dizziness, a sense of unreality. During a panic attack, a person can be afraid of losing control, going crazy, or dying.
Individuals with panic disorder may experience constant worry about the possibility of more attacks and may change their behavior to avoid situations they think might trigger a panic attack. This anxiety and behavioral change can significantly limit the individual’s daily life and activities.
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Symptoms of panic disorder
The symptoms of panic disorder mainly involve repeated episodes of panic attacks, which are sudden waves of intense fear or anxiety that peak within minutes. During a panic attack, individuals may experience a combination of physical and psychological symptoms including:
- Heart palpitations, rapid heartbeat or strong attention to heart rhythm
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Shortness of breath or feeling of suffocation
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or upset stomach
- Dizziness, unsteadiness, light-headedness or feeling faint
- Sense of unreality (derealization) or separation from oneself (depersonalization)
- Fear of losing control or ‘going mad’
- Fear of dying
- Numbness or tingling
- Hot flashes or chills
These attacks can occur unexpectedly without a clear trigger, and can even occur during sleep. Individuals with panic disorder may also experience a constant fear or anxiety about further attacks and may avoid places or situations where they have previously had attacks. This change in behavior can lead to significant lifestyle restrictions. Treatment through therapy, medication or a combination of both can help manage the symptoms.
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Treatment of panic disorder
An effective treatment for panic disorder is a combination of psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure therapy and medication, including anti-depressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).
Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, mindfulness and relaxation techniques also play an important role in the management of panic disorder. An individualized treatment plan, created in collaboration between the patient and psychologist or therapist, is central to effectively reducing or eliminating the symptoms of panic disorder.
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12 common questions and answers about panic disorder
What is panic disorder?
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by repeated and unexpected panic attacks – intense periods of severe anxiety or fear that develop rapidly, often without apparent cause.
What are the symptoms of panic disorder?
Panic attacks are characterized by sudden and intense feelings of fear or anxiety. Common symptoms include heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, difficulty breathing, chest pain, nausea and a fear of losing control or dying. The symptoms can come unexpectedly and often for no apparent reason, creating intense worry about further attacks.
How long does a panic attack usually last?
A panic attack usually lasts between five and twenty minutes, but symptoms can feel intense and overwhelming during this time. Some people may experience prolonged or consecutive attacks, which can make it feel like the attack is lasting longer.
Is panic disorder hereditary?
Research shows that panic disorder may have a genetic component, meaning there may be an increased risk if a close relative has the condition. However, environmental factors and personal experiences also play an important role in the development of panic disorder.
Can children and young people get panic disorder?
Yes, children and adolescents can also suffer from panic disorder. Symptoms can be similar to those of adults, but younger people may find it more difficult to express their feelings. It is important to recognize the signs of anxiety in children and adolescents and seek professional help if necessary.
What is the difference between panic attacks and panic disorder?
The symptoms of panic disorder mainly involve repeated episodes of panic attacks, which are sudden waves of intense fear or anxiety that peak within minutes. Having a panic attack does not mean you have panic disorder.
How can panic disorder be treated?
Panic disorder is usually treated with a mix of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medication such as SSRIs and SNRIs, and lifestyle adjustments including exercise and stress management techniques. A tailored treatment plan, developed together with healthcare providers, is essential to effectively manage symptoms.
How can I help someone experiencing a panic attack?
If someone is experiencing a panic attack, be calm and supportive. Encourage the person to breathe slowly and deeply, which can help reduce symptoms. Listen without judgment and offer a calm and safe space. Avoid downplaying their feelings and encourage them to seek professional help.
How can I distinguish between a panic attack and a heart problem?
The symptoms of a panic attack and some heart problems can be similar. However, a panic attack is often characterized by a sudden onset of intense fear or anxiety with symptoms such as palpitations, sweating and trembling, while heart problems may have more constant and physical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath. It is important to seek medical assessment for proper diagnosis.
Can alcohol and drugs affect panic disorder?
Alcohol and drugs can negatively affect panic disorder. While some people may use these substances to self-medicate, they can actually increase the frequency and intensity of panic attacks in the long term and even lead to addiction and other health problems.
Is panic disorder more common in women than men?
Studies have shown that panic attacks are more common in women than men. This may be partly due to biological, hormonal and psychosocial factors. It is important that both genders seek and access appropriate treatment to manage their condition.
Where can I go if I need help?
At Lavendla, we have experienced psychologists and therapists who can help you work through your anxiety to feel better soon.
What does treatment for panic disorder involve?
Seeking help is an important step towards better health. Here is an overview of the steps usually involved in CBT treatment for panic disorder.
Step 1: An initial assessment session
The first meeting with your psychologist or therapist is an assessment to review your mental and physical health. You may be asked questions about your life situation, feelings, thoughts and behaviors. You may also be asked to complete assessment forms.
Step 2: Goal setting
You and your therapist then set concrete goals for therapy, both short and long term, based on
which areas of your life are most affected by your symptoms.
Step 4: Treatment with different techniques and tools
Treatment involves implementing exercises aimed at providing you with tools to overcome and process your problems.
Step 5: Follow-up and evaluation
You and your therapist follow up regularly to see how well the therapy is working. If necessary, you can adjust or renew the treatment plan.
Step 6: Ending and looking ahead
As the therapy comes to an end, it is time to reflect on the progress made. You will also receive a maintenance plan on how to use the tools and strategies you have learned in the future. It is also important to monitor the results over time.
If you or someone close to you is looking for professional help, don’t hesitate to book a session with one of our licensed psychologists or therapists.
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