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When children self-harm, it's normal for parents to feel scared, frustrated, anxious, and unsure how to respond. Here we look at what self-harming behavior is and what can be done about it.
What is self-harm in children?
Self-harm in children means that they intentionally hurt themselves physically without the intention of committing suicide. It can manifest itself through actions such as cutting, burning, hitting themselves, picking at wounds, or pulling out hair. It can also be destructive behaviors such as drinking alcohol, taking drugs, or engaging in sexually risky behaviors. This type of behavior is often a way for the child to deal with and express deep emotional pain, stress, anxiety, or frustration.
Self-harm behavior acts as a maladaptive coping mechanism where the physical expression of pain is used to deflect or manage internal psychological pain. It is important to understand that this behavior signals a deep need for help and support.
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Self-harm and other diagnoses
Self-harm often co-occurs with other diagnoses such as ADHD, autism, anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorder, and others. Individuals with these diagnoses may experience heightened emotional sensitivity, impulse control problems, and difficulties in managing stress, which may lead them to use self-harm as a coping mechanism to manage their emotions or experience a temporary relief from psychological pain.
It is important to approach these behaviors with understanding and to seek professional help to address both the physical behavior and the underlying mental health conditions. Treating the other diagnoses can often reduce or eliminate the need for self-harm as a maladaptive coping strategy.
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Treatment for children with self-harm
The treatment of self-harm in children requires a multifaceted and tailored approach centered around psychological support and sometimes medical intervention. A crucial component is psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address negative thought patterns and behaviors. This may also involve treating underlying trauma or mental health problems such as anxiety. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is another evidence-based approach that teaches individuals how to change their unhelpful behaviors such as self-harm by using specific skills.
For some children, psychiatric medications may be necessary as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Education for children and families about self-harm and access to support groups are important to build an understanding and network of support. A safe and supportive environment, along with close collaboration between the family and professionals, is fundamental to supporting the child’s recovery.
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12 frequently asked questions about self-harm in children
What is self-harm in children?
Self-harm in children means that they intentionally harm themselves physically without the intention of committing suicide.
How can self-harm manifest itself?
It can manifest itself through actions such as cutting, burning, hitting themselves, picking at wounds, or pulling out hair. It can also be destructive behaviors such as drinking alcohol, taking drugs, or engaging in sexually risky behaviors.
Why do children engage in self-harm?
The behavior is often a way for the child to deal with and express deep emotional pain, stress, anxiety, or frustration. It acts as a maladaptive coping mechanism where the physical expression of pain is used to deflect or manage the inner psychological pain.
Is self-harm just a way to get attention?
No, it is important to understand that this behavior signals a need for help and support rather than a manipulative cry for attention.
Is self-harm common in people with other diagnoses?
Self-harm often co-occurs with other diagnoses such as ADHD, autism, anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorder, and others.
Why do children and young people with neuropsychiatric problems often engage in self-harm?
These individuals may experience heightened emotional sensitivity, impulse control problems, and difficulties in managing stress, which may lead them to use self-harm as a coping mechanism to manage their emotions or experience a temporary relief from psychological pain.
How can therapy help children and young people with self-harm?
Specific types of therapy, such as CBT and DBT, target self-harm behaviors through the examination of thoughts and feelings. DBT teaches individuals specific skills they can use in place of self-harming behaviors when they become emotionally overwhelmed.
What is CBT?
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based therapy that helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to poor mental health.
What is a child therapist?
A child therapist is a licensed professional with knowledge and experience in promoting the well-being and mental health of children and parents.
How long does treatment with a child therapist last?
The treatment is adapted to the presenting problems of the child and/or family. Treatment can last anywhere from a few sessions to several years.
Can I see a child psychologist privately?
It is possible to see a child psychologist privately. At Lavendla we have several psychologists who have extensive experience of working with children and young people.
What can I do if I or my child needs help from a child therapist?
Lavendla has numerous experienced child therapists who can help. Go ahead and search the profiles online to find a match!
How can treatment for self-harm in children work?
Treatment for self-harm in children requires an integrated and individualized approach that addresses both the immediate dangers of the behaviour and the underlying psychological causes. Here are some important aspects of treatment:
- Professional evaluation: The first step is a thorough psychological evaluation by a child psychiatry team to identify any underlying diagnoses or contributing factors to the self-harm behavior.
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in helping children develop healthier ways to deal with negative emotions and thought patterns. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can also be helpful.
- Family therapy: Including the family in the treatment process is important for creating a supportive home environment and addressing any family-related stressors.
- Education and support groups: Education and support groups on self-harm for both the child and the family can be helpful depending on the need.
- Medical treatment: In some cases, medication may be necessary to treat underlying psychiatric conditions, such as depression or anxiety, that may contribute to self-harm.
- Environmental adaptations: Creating a safe environment that minimizes opportunities for self-harm and promotes healthy coping strategies is an important part of treatment.
It is important that parents and guardians work closely with professionals to create a coordinated and comprehensive treatment plan. Encouraging open communication and showing unconditional support for the child is crucial throughout the treatment process.
