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It's normal to feel sad, upset, or irritable from time to time. But if you find yourself going through periods of deep depression, your condition might be recurrent.

What is recurrent depression?

Recurrent depression refers to one or more recurrent (relapsing) episodes of depression after a first episode. You may experience difficulty concentrating, memory impairment or increased fatigue. If you are younger and become depressed, there is an increased risk of becoming depressed again. Episodes can also become more severe the more they occur and recurrent depression can be part of bipolar disorder, so it’s crucial to seek help for assessment and treatment.

Why do people get depressed?

Depression is the result of a combination of genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. It can vary from person to person so some things may be more or less true. Here are some of the most common contributors to its development:

  1. Genetic factors: Certain genes and genetic variations are linked to increased vulnerability to depression.
  2. Biological factors: Imbalances in brain chemicals, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, can affect mood and contribute to depression. Brain regions such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, which regulate emotions and decision-making, may also play a role.
  3. Psychological factors: Personal characteristics and psychological factors, such as negative thinking patterns, low self-esteem and difficulties in coping with stress can increase the risk of depression.
  4. Life events and stress: Traumatic events, losses, life changes or prolonged stress can be triggers for depression.
  5. Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during puberty, pregnancy or transitional periods such as menopause, can affect mood and increase the risk of depression.
  6. Disease and medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as chronic diseases or neurological disorders, can increase the risk of depression. Some medications may also have depression as a side effect.
  7. Environmental factors: An unfavorable environment, including lack of social support, negative family relationships or work-related stress, can affect mental health and contribute to depression.

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Symptoms of depression

In recurrent depression, the symptoms are the same as for regular depression but there is a break between episodes. Here are the symptoms:

  • Sadness and loss of interest in activities
  • Apathy
  • Sleep problems or too much sleep
  • Physical symptoms such as fatigue or pain
  • Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
  • Difficult concentrating
  • Loss of zest for life

What is the difference between recurrent depression and bipolar disorder?

People with recurrent depression often feel ‘normal’ in between depressive episodes and do not require additional interventions during those times. Those with bipolar disorder, however, experience periods of intense mania in between depressive episodes and rarely feel emotionally stable without medication and therapy. Bipolar disorder can be quite difficult to treat, while recurrent depression is best treated with a combination of anitdepressant medication and psychotherapy.


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Treatment for recurrent depression

Treatment for recurrent depression can include various forms of therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or pharmacological treatment with antidepressant medication. Lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, sleep and social support, may also be part of the treatment plan. It is also common that you may need to take a period of sick leave if you are depressed. The length of the sick leave often depends on the severity of the depression.

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Talking about mental health problems can be difficult, but seeking help is an important step in improving your quality of life. The benefits include improved health, better work ability and improved relationships. By seeking professional help, you can make the difficult a little easier. At Lavendla, we have therapists and psychologists who can help.

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12 frequently asked questions about recurrent depression

What is recurrent depression?

Recurrent depression refers to one or more recurrent (relapsing) episodes of depression after a first episode.

What are the most common symptoms?

Concentration difficulties, memory impairment or increased fatigue are some symptoms. Consultation with a psychologist or therapist can help make a diagnosis.

How is depression diagnosed?

A diagnosis of depression is usually made through interviews and questionnaires.

Are there different types of recurrent depression?

Recurrent depression can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the presence and intensity of symptoms. Bipolar disorder includes recurrent depression, though people with bipolar disorder also experience mania in between symptoms of depression.

How is recurrent depression treated?

Treatment options vary but often include a combination of medication, therapy and lifestyle changes. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common form of psychological treatment. You may need to take a period of sick leave if you are depressed depending on the severity.

How long does depression treatment last?

The length of treatment can vary depending on the severity and individual needs. Some people can experience relief within a few weeks, while others need long-term treatment.

Is depression hereditary?

Genetics can play a role in depression, but it is usually a combination of several factors such as life events and personal circumstances that contribute to the illness.

Can exercise help with depression?

Yes, lifestyle factors such as exercise can affect your mental health but should not replace professional care and medication.

What are the risk factors for recurrent depression?

Depression is a combination of genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. Younger people who experience depression are at increased risk for recurrent episodes.

Is depression more common in men or women?

Depression is more common in women, but men are less likely to seek help.

How does depression affect relationships?

Depression can make it difficult to maintain healthy relationships and can lead to social isolation.

Where can I get help?

If you experience symptoms of depression, it is important to seek professional help. Our psychologists and therapists are available for online sessions and can help you make the difficult easier. 

What help is available for recurrent depression?

Seeking help is a wise step to take towards better mental health. Here is an overview of the steps usually involved in therapy.

Step 1: An initial assessment session

The first meeting with your psychologist or therapist is usually a diagnostic evaluation to review your mental and physical health. You may be asked questions about your life situation, feelings, thoughts and behaviors. You may also be asked to complete assessment forms.

Step 2: Goal setting

This is where you and your therapist set concrete goals for the therapy, both short and long term.

Step 4: Treatment

This is the start of the actual treatment phase, which may involve treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication if necessary. The therapy may include exercises and homework assignments aimed at giving you tools to change the way you feel.

Step 5: Monitoring and evaluation

Treatment is monitored regularly to see how well the therapy is working. If necessary, the treatment plan can be adjusted or renewed.

Step 6: Ending and looking ahead

As the therapy comes to an end, it is time to reflect on the progress made. You will also receive a plan on how to use the tools and strategies you have learned in the future.

If you or someone close to you is seeking professional help for depression, don’t hesitate to book a session with one of our qualified psychologists or therapists.


Written by Emily Cox