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Personality disorders can significantly impact relationships and self-esteem. This article offers an overview of personality disorders and how to get help.
What is a personality disorder?
Personality disorders are complex psychological conditions that affect an individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors in a way that often differs significantly from societal norms and expectations.
As people with personality disorders may have difficulty relating to others, this can lead to problems in both personal and professional relationships.
How common are personality disorders?
The American Psychiatric Association estimates that about nine percent of the American population has a personality disorder (APA, 2024). Clearly, personality disorders are a major mental health concern.
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Common types of personality disorders
- Narcissism: Characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-worth and a lack of empathy towards others.
- Borderline: Includes intense emotional swings and a chronic sense of emptiness.
- Antisocial personality disorder (psychopathy): A lack of remorse and responsibility, often with impulsive behavior.
Therapy for narcissism and other disorders
Most often, therapeutic interventions are effective in managing symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) are among the most commonly used methods.
Advice for those who know someone with a personality disorder
Set boundaries: It is important to set clear boundaries to protect yourself and your own psychological well-being.
Seek professional help: It is not your job to diagnose or treat someone. Let this be handled by qualified health care providers.
Try not to judge: A personality disorder is a medical diagnosis and not a character flaw. It does not always excuse a person’s behavior, but it can explain it.
Be aware of your own needs: Take care of yourself and seek support, either from friends, family or a professional therapist or psychologist.
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7 frequently asked questions about personality disorders
What is a personality disorder?
A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of behavior, worldview and inner experience that is markedly different from what is expected of one’s environment. This is because personality disorders can affect one’s ability to relate to others and function effectively in everyday life.
Is narcissism a type of personality disorder?
Yes, narcissistic personality disorder is one of several types. Individuals with narcissism have an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy towards other people.
How is psychopathy different from other personality disorders?
A person with psychopathic tendencies often shows a lack of conscience and empathy and can manipulate others without any sense of guilt or remorse. It is an extreme form of antisocial personality disorder and requires professional evaluation and treatment.
How is borderline personality disorder diagnosed?
Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is usually carried out by a psychiatrist or psychologist and involves an in-depth interview and possible psychological testing. Behavioral patterns such as unstable self-image and impulsivity characterize the diagnosis.
What are the treatment options for personality disorders?
Treatment can vary depending on the type of disorder and the unique needs of the individual, but usually involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication.
How can I help someone close to me who has a personality disorder?
The most important step is to encourage the person to seek professional help. You can also offer emotional support, but remember that you are not a substitute for qualified care.
Is there any way to prevent personality disorders?
There is no way to prevent personality disorders, but early intervention can help alleviate symptoms. It is important to have a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Can you force someone to go to therapy?
While therapy may be mandated at times, particularly in the legal system, voluntary treatment typically works better.
