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Do you have a fear of open spaces or being in crowded areas? Then you may be suffering from agoraphobia. Here we explain what this phobia is and how you can get help.
What is agoraphobia?
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that causes people to have a fear of places and situations where it can be difficult to quickly escape or get help, such as open squares, shopping malls, public transport and other large open spaces.
People with agoraphobia may experience severe anxiety or panic attacks in these environments and may avoid them altogether. This can lead to problems of isolation or avoidance of activities that would otherwise be beneficial. Fortunately, it is possible to treat agoraphobia and feel better soon.
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What does agoraphobia mean?
The word ‘agoraphobia’ comes from the Greek language, where ‘agora’ means square or open space, and ‘phobia’ means fear. So agoraphobia means ‘fear of open spaces’. The term has been broadened in healthcare to include fear of open spaces in general and situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing.
Panic disorder with agoraphobia
It is common to also have panic disorder if you have agoraphobia. This can mean that the fear becomes so intense that the body reacts with a panic attack. These attacks are not dangerous but can be very uncomfortable. Physical symptoms may include rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing and sweating.
People with agoraphobia may experience panic attacks in situations such as being in large crowds, standing in a queue, traveling by bus or train, and even being outside their own home. As a result, people with severe agoraphobia may become so afraid that they avoid things they would actually like to do, thus reducing their quality of life.
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How common are phobias?
About 1.3% of the United States adult population has agoraphobia at some point in their lives. Approximately 12.5% of the American population suffer from one or more phobias in their lifetime (Harvard Medical School, 2017). These can range from common phobias such as fear of heights and social phobia to lesser known ones such as ‘hole phobia’ (trypophobia).
What causes agoraphobia?
Agoraphobia can be caused by a combination of several factors. Research shows that having a family member with agoraphobia or other anxiety disorder increases the chances that relatives will develop the condition as well. Certain personality traits make people more susceptible to phobias as well, and trauma can greatly impact one’s felt safety in social situations. You can work with a therapist to determine the underlying causes of agoraphobia for you in order to develop a suitable treatment plan.
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Symptoms of agoraphobia
The symptoms of agoraphobia can vary in severity from person to person. An assessment always takes into account and investigates the client’s level so that treatment can be adapted accordingly. Agoraphobia can have symptoms such as:
- Intense fear or anxiety: The most prominent feature of agoraphobia is a strong fear of places or situations where escape may be difficult or where help is not available.
- Avoidance behavior: People with agoraphobia tend to avoid situations that cause anxiety. These include places that are crowded, public places, traveling far from home, or being alone outside the home.
- Panic attacks: Many people with agoraphobia experience panic attacks, which can include heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, feeling of suffocation, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, fear of losing control or fear of dying.
- Physical symptoms: In addition to the emotional symptoms, agoraphobia can also cause physical symptoms such as upset stomach, diarrhea, headaches and muscle tension.
- Dependence on others: People with agoraphobia may become dependent on a specific friend or family member to accompany them when they have to go out.
- Sense of powerlessness: A sense of powerlessness over their fear and the situation is common among those suffering from agoraphobia.
- Emotional distance: Feelings of being separated from others or not really being present can occur.
Treatment for agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is a treatable anxiety disorder, so if you have symptoms don’t be afraid to seek help. Treatment is tailored to each person and the severity of the problem. Treatment usually includes:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): This is one of the most effective treatment methods for agoraphobia. CBT focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns, managing emotions related to triggering situations, and changing behaviors that contribute to anxiety. Behaviors that are worked on often involve avoiding different places and situations where fear is stronger. The therapy helps individuals to gradually expose themselves to these in a controlled and systematic process, reducing anxiety over time. There is a re-learning process that stops associating the places with fear.
Medication: Some people with agoraphobia may be helped by medication, such as antidepressants (especially SSRIs) or anti-anxiety medication for more severe problems. These medications can help control anxiety symptoms, making it easier to participate in therapy and daily activities.
It is important to remember that treatment is individualized and what works for one person may not work for another. A combination of therapy, medication and support may be the most effective way to deal with agoraphobia. It is also important to seek help from a qualified health professional to design a treatment plan that is most appropriate for you.
How therapy can improve your life
Seeking professional help can significantly improve your quality of life that gives you effective tools to manage phobias and change the pattern you have developed that causes anxiety. Talking to a psychologist can be incredibly liberating and helpful if you are living with a phobia that hinders your daily life.
Take the first step
Life is too short to let phobias limit you. Therefore, therapy is a step in the right direction to help you live a full and rich life. If you or someone you know is living with phobias, professional therapy can make a real difference. Our therapists and psychologists offer a confidential and safe environment to explore and treat your phobias.
12 common questions and answers about agoraphobia
What is agoraphobia?
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that causes people to have a fear of places and situations where it can be difficult to quickly escape or get help such as open squares, shopping malls, public transport and other large open spaces.
How are phobias different from ordinary fears?
Ordinary fear is a natural reaction to an actual danger, while a phobia is an exaggerated fear that has no rational explanation. Phobias can be triggered even when there is no actual risk.
Is agoraphobia common?
Yes, it is quite common, with 3% of the Swedish population having the syndrome.
How is agoraphobia treated?
Treatment can vary but often involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medication such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs.
What causes agoraphobia?
Agoraphobia can be caused by a combination of several factors including heredity, biology, psychological factors, traumatic events and other mental health conditions such as panic disorder. What causes agoraphobia can vary from person to person.
Is it possible to get rid of a phobia?
Yes, with the right treatment and support, most people can overcome or at least reduce their phobic symptoms. However, professional help is usually required.
What is the difference between agoraphobia and panic disorder?
Agoraphobia is the fear of places or situations where you can also have panic attacks, which are sudden and intense anxiety attacks.
Can phobias lead to other mental health problems?
Yes, untreated phobias can lead to other problems such as depression or other anxiety disorders.
Can agoraphobia be medicated?
Some people with agoraphobia may be helped by medication, such as antidepressants (especially SSRIs) or anti-anxiety medication for a short period of time for more severe problems.
I can barely leave my house because of agoraphobia. What can I do?
If your fear of open spaces and crowds is affecting or limiting your life, you can seek treatment. There is effective help available.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
CBT is an evidence-based treatment method that examines and reframes with thoughts, feelings and behaviors in different situations to improve quality of life and overcome certain symptoms.
Where can I seek help for my agoraphobia?
If you suffer from a phobia, we recommend that you contact a licensed psychologist or therapist. You can book a first appointment with one of our therapists here at Lavendla. We make the hard things easier.
Treating acrophobia (fear of heights) with cognitive behavioral therapy
This is what treatment for fear of heights can look like, but you aren’t alone – help is available.
Understanding and assessment
The first step is to understand that you have a phobia and that it is okay to seek help for it. A licensed psychologist can help you assess your situation and understand what is causing your fear. You may also be asked to complete assessment forms.
Psychoeducation and objectives
You will learn about your phobia and how it affects you both physically and mentally. It is important to understand what happens in your body, thoughts and feelings when the fear occurs. Goals are also set for treatment.
Tools to change behaviors and patterns
This works on identifying and changing patterns of thinking that are linked to the fear. This will help you develop a more nuanced picture and increase your ability to manage the phobia. Exposure therapy can be scary, but it is an effective way to gradually face your fears. Together with your therapist, you will explore situations that trigger your phobia and learn how to deal with them. You will also be given homework to practice between sessions.
Medication (if needed)
In some cases, doctors may suggest medication to help with anxiety symptoms. This is something you and your doctor can discuss if appropriate.
Follow up and evaluate progress
You will have support from your therapist throughout the process. At the end of the treatment, you will also receive a plan to continue practicing and maintain your progress over time.
Feel free to book a first session with one of our licensed psychologists or therapists to see how we can help you. At Lavendla, we make the hard things easier.
