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Anxiety is a common experience that many of us face at some point in our lives. However, if you are experiencing recurring panic attacks that interfere with your daily routine, you may be dealing with panic disorder. Here, we will explore what panic disorder is and how you can seek assistance to overcome it.
What is panic disorder?
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by repeated and unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is defined as long periods of intense anxiety or fear that develop rapidly, often without apparent cause.
Individuals who suffer from panic disorder may constantly worry about the next attack. Sometimes people who have anxiety may change their behaviour to avoid situations that might trigger a panic attack. Anxiety and behavioural changes can significantly impact a person’s daily life.
Anxiety is a treatable condition. Read more about how you or someone you know can get help.
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Symptoms of panic disorder
The symptoms of panic disorder mainly involve repeated panic attacks. A panic attack is a sudden wave of intense fear that peaks within minutes. During a panic attack, individuals may experience a combination of physical and psychological symptoms, such as:
- Rapid heart rate
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or upset stomach
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Feeling faint
- Sense of detachment from reality
- Fear of losing control or ‘going mad’
- Fear of dying
- Numbness or tingling
- Hot flashes or chills
These attacks can occur unexpectedly, often without a clear trigger or even during sleep. People who suffer from panic disorder may experience a constant fear of further attacks. They may avoid places or situations where they have previously had attacks. This behaviour change can significantly impact a person’s lifestyle. Treatment through therapy, medication or a combination of these, can help manage the symptoms.
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Treatment of panic disorder
The most effective treatment for panic disorder is a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) combined with exposure therapy is an effective treatment for anxiety and panic disorders. In combination with psychotherapy, anti-depressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can also help manage and treat panic disorders. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, mindfulness and relaxation techniques also play an important role in managing panic disorders.
Creating an individualized treatment plan with a psychologist or therapist is central to reducing or eliminating the symptoms of panic disorder.
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12 FAQs about Panic Disorder
What is panic disorder?
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by repeated and unexpected periods of severe anxiety or fear that develop rapidly. These episodes often occur without an apparent cause.
What are the symptoms of a panic attack?
Panic attacks are characterized by sudden and intense feelings of fear or anxiety. Common symptoms include heart palpitations, sweating, shaking, difficulty breathing, chest pain, nausea and a feeling of losing control. The symptoms often have no apparent trigger, creating a concern about further attacks.
How long does a panic attack usually last?
A panic attack usually lasts between 5 and 20 minutes, with intense and overwhelming symptoms during this time. Some people may experience prolonged or consecutive attacks, making it feel like the attack is lasting longer.
Is panic disorder hereditary?
Research shows that panic disorder may have a genetic component. This means you may be at an increased risk if a close relative has panic disorder. However, environmental factors and personal experiences also play a role in the development of panic disorder.
Can children and adolescents have a panic disorder?
Yes, children and adolescents can also suffer from panic disorders. Symptoms are usually similar to those of adults, but younger people may find it more difficult to express their feelings. It is important to recognize the signs of anxiety in children and adolescents and seek professional help if necessary.
What is the difference between a panic attack and a panic disorder?
The symptoms of panic disorder mainly involve repeated episodes of panic attacks, whereas a panic attack is a single episode of extreme anxiety. Having a panic attack does not mean you have a panic disorder.
How can panic disorder be treated?
Panic disorder is usually treated with a mix of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), medication, and lifestyle adjustments. With your therapist, developing a tailored treatment plan is essential in effectively managing symptoms.
How can I help someone experiencing a panic attack?
If someone is experiencing a panic attack, be calm and supportive. Encourage the person to breathe slowly and deeply, which can help reduce symptoms. Listen without judgment and offer a calm and safe space. Avoid downplaying their feelings and encourage them to seek professional help.
How can I distinguish between a panic attack and a heart problem?
The symptoms of a panic attack and some heart problems can be similar. However, a panic attack is often characterized by a sudden onset of intense fear or anxiety, while heart problems may have more constant physical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath.
Can alcohol and drugs affect panic disorder?
Yes, alcohol and drugs negatively affect panic disorder. While some people may use these substances as a coping mechanism, they can increase the frequency and intensity of panic attacks and may lead to addiction or other health problems.
Is panic disorder more common in women or men?
Studies have shown that panic attacks are more common in women than in men. This may be partly due to biological, hormonal and psychosocial factors. While it is more common in women, both genders should seek and access treatment to manage this condition.
Where can I go if I need help?
At Lavendla, we have experienced psychologists and therapists specialized in CBT who can help you if you have mild to moderate symptoms. If you have more severe symptoms, you can contact your healthcare centre to get a referral to a specialist psychiatrist. If you have thoughts of self-harm or suicide, contact our national Suicide Crisis Line at 0800 567 567 or your nearest emergency room.
What does treatment for panic disorder involve?
Seeking help is a big step towards better health. Here is an overview of the steps usually involved in CBT treatment.
Step 1: An initial assessment session
The first meeting with your psychologist or therapist is an assessment to review your mental and physical health. You may be asked to answer questions about your life situation, feelings, and behaviours. You may also be asked to complete some assessment forms.
Step 2: Goal setting
You and your therapist will set concrete goals for the therapy, both short- and long-term.
Goal setting can define which areas of your life are most affected by your anxiety and how you can recover.
Step 3: Treatment with different techniques and tools
You will then start the treatment phase. This involves exercises to provide you with the tools to overcome and process the underlying issues that may be affecting your anxiety.
Step 4: Follow-up and evaluation
Your therapist and you will conduct regular follow-ups to assess how well the therapy is working. If necessary, your treatment plan can be adjusted.
Step 5: Ending and looking ahead
When the therapy ends, it will be time to reflect on your progress. You will also receive a maintenance plan and instructions on using the tools and strategies you have learned. It is important to monitor your results over time.
If you or someone close to you is looking for professional help, don’t hesitate to book an online session with one of our psychologists or therapists.
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