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Have you experienced a challenging event or developed post-traumatic stress? If so, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be a helpful treatment alternative. Here, we will explain what EMDR is and how it can provide assistance.

What is EMDR?

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment method explicitly aimed at treating people who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It can also be helpful for other psychological problems and disorders such as depression, anxiety and loss.

EMDR can be used to treat PTSD, but it is good to know that trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is primarily recommended.

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What is the basis of EMDR?

The treatment is based on a theory of how memory works and how it is affected by complex events. It combines elements of other schools of therapy, such as psychodynamic theory, behavioural therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Systems Theory. Another specific feature of EMDR is so-called bilateral stimulation, done via eye movements. The idea is that memories can then be processed so that you are less affected by complex events.


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How does the treatment work?

Treatment with EMDR is adapted to the individual and always starts with assessing the problem. The length of treatment depends on the client’s needs; it can be anything from a few sessions to a treatment lasting a few months. In the case of a single trauma, treatment can be quick, but in the case of more complex problems, the therapy will be more prolonged. A typical EMDR session may include the following steps:

  1. Background and planning: The therapist gets an idea of the client’s trauma history and helps identify specific memories or events to be processed.
  2. Preparation for processing: The therapist and client work together to develop coping strategies and resources to deal with emotions and memories that may arise during treatment.
  3. Processing memories: The client focuses on a traumatic memory while following the therapist’s movement cues, usually eye movements. The client is then encouraged to observe their thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations while going through the memory.
  4. Meaning and connection: The therapist helps the client explore and understand the changes and associations that occur during the memory’s processing. Processing aims to create an understanding and integration of the traumatic memory.
  5. Closure: The session ends with the client relaxing and discussing their experiences during the session.

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12 FAQs about EMDR

What is EMDR?

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment method that focuses on treating people who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It can also be helpful for other psychological problems.

What is the basis of EMDR?

It is based on a theory of how memory works and how it is affected by complex events. It combines elements of other schools of therapy, such as psychodynamic theory, behavioural therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Systems Theory.

How does EMDR treatment work?

An EMDR treatment always begins with an assessment and preparation for the processing phase. A specific eye movement method is used during processing, followed by integration and relaxation.

What is specific about EMDR?

The specificity of EMDR is the use of so-called bilateral stimulation, which is done via eye movements.

How long is an EMDR treatment?

It is adapted to the client’s needs and can last from a few sessions to a few months. Treatment can be quick for isolated traumas, but it will be longer for more complex problems.

Who can benefit from EMDR?

People who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can benefit from EMDR, but it can also help with depression, anxiety and loss.

What is PTSD?

PTSD stands for post-traumatic stress disorder and is a condition that can develop after experiencing trauma.

What are the most common symptoms of PTSD?

The most common symptoms include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance behaviour, increased vigilance, and negative changes in emotions and thoughts. These symptoms can be long-lasting and affect everyday life.

What research supports EMDR?

A lot of research has shown that EMDR gives good results.

Can children be treated with EMDR?

There is not enough research on EMDR for children to recommend it, but there is evidence that the method can have a good effect on children.

What are the benefits of EMDR?

The method’s advantages are that it is relatively gentle on the client and requires no exposure and homework, which you usually get in trauma-focused CBT. It can also be effective, and although it can also be intense and emotionally upsetting, there are many safety checks during the treatment itself.

Where can I go if I want to undergo EMDR?

If you or someone you know has experienced trauma and is suffering from symptoms of PTSD, it is essential to seek professional help. You can book an appointment with a psychologist or therapist via our website. We make the hard things easier



Written by Samantha Pieterse

Sr. Samantha Pieterse is a registered psychiatric nurse who is deeply committed to mental health and well-being. Samantha brings a unique and valuable perspective to her role as an editor for Lavendla South Africa. She has worked in Government and Private mental healthcare institutions in Gauteng and her expertise ensures that the articles on our website are accurate and accessible. Samantha is dedicated to enhancing mental health awareness and education in South Africa.