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The topic of personality disorders can be controversial and challenging to navigate. This article aims to provide an overview and advice on treatment.
What is a personality disorder?
Personality disorders, or personality syndromes, are complex psychological conditions that affect an individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours in a way that often differs significantly from societal norms and expectations.
As people with personality disorders may have difficulty relating to others, this can lead to problems in both personal and professional relationships.
How common are personality disorders?
As personality disorders are not rare, it is important to know about them. There are sources that estimate that anywhere from 6-20% of the adult population has some form of personality disorder. Either way, the percentage is large enough for the issue to affect all of us directly or indirectly through someone we know.
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Common types
- Narcissism: Characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-worth and a lack of empathy towards others.
- Borderline: Includes intense emotional swings and a chronic sense of emptiness.
- Antisocial personality disorder (psychopathy): A lack of remorse and responsibility, often with impulsive behaviour.
Therapy for narcissism and other disorders
Therapeutic interventions are most often effective in managing symptoms. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) are the most commonly used methods.
Advice for those who know someone with a personality disorder
- Be careful with boundaries: It is important to set clear boundaries to protect yourself and your psychological well-being.
- Seek professional help: Diagnosing or treating someone is not your job. Let this be handled by qualified healthcare providers.
- Try not to judge: A personality disorder is a medical diagnosis, not a character flaw. It does not always excuse a person’s behaviour but can explain it.
- Be aware of your needs: Take care of yourself and seek support from friends, family or a professional therapist or psychologist.
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7 FAQs about personality disorders
What is a personality disorder?
A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of behaviour, worldview and inner experience markedly different from what is expected of one’s environment. This is because personality disorders can affect one’s ability to relate to others and function effectively in everyday life.
Is narcissism a type of personality disorder?
Yes, narcissistic personality disorder is one of several types. Individuals with narcissism have an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy towards other people.
How is a psychopath different from other personality disorders?
A psychopath often shows a lack of conscience and empathy and can manipulate others without any sense of guilt or remorse. It is an extreme form of antisocial personality disorder and requires professional evaluation and treatment.
How is borderline diagnosed?
Diagnosis of borderline is usually carried out by a psychiatrist or psychologist and involves an in-depth interview and possible psychological testing. Behavioural patterns such as unstable self-image and impulsivity are at the heart of the diagnosis.
What are the treatment options for personality disorders?
Treatment can vary depending on the type of disorder and the individual’s unique needs, but it usually involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. A care plan involving several different therapists or psychologists is often recommended.
How can I help someone close to me who has a personality disorder?
The most important step is to encourage the person to seek professional help. You can also offer emotional support but remember that you are not a substitute for qualified care.
Is there any way to prevent personality disorders?
There is no sure way to prevent personality disorders, but early intervention can help alleviate symptoms. It is important to have a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Can you force someone to go to therapy?
No, you can’t force someone to undergo therapeutic treatment. It is rarely a good idea to force someone into therapy. A person needs to understand that they need to work on themselves. Therapists rarely see people with the above personality syndromes in the therapy room. These people usually believe that they do not need therapy.
